Internet of Things (IoT) Security is about keeping devices that connect to the internet safe from hackers. These devices need to be protected to prevent cyberattacks. These devices include everything from smart thermostats and cameras to industrial sensors and medical equipment. Since many of these devices have weak security like simple passwords, old software, and no data encryption, they are easy targets for hackers. To keep them safe, it's important to use strong passwords, update software, and separate these devices from others on your network. Separating devices helps to contain any potential attack, making it harder for hackers to move from one device to another and reducing the impact on your overall network. You can learn more about penetration testing to test how secure your IoT devices are.

Key Points

1. IoT devices are easy to hack because they often have old software and weak passwords.
2. Common attacks on IoT devices include denial of service (DoS), malware, and man-in-the-middle attacks.
3. Best practices include updating software, using strong passwords, and setting up network rules.
4. IoT security problems are increasing, targeting devices like smart plugs, routers, and cameras.
5. New laws and standards are forcing manufacturers to improve IoT security.

Related Terms

Common Threats to IoT Security

• Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks: Hackers flood IoT devices with so much traffic that they stop working.
• On-Path Attacks (Man-in-the-Middle): Hackers listen in on the information being sent between IoT devices and other networks. They can steal or change the data.
• Firmware Vulnerabilities: Many IoT devices have outdated software, which makes it easy for hackers to take control.
• Botnets: Hackers use malware to take control of IoT devices and turn them into part of a botnet to perform bigger attacks.

Why Are IoT Devices So Vulnerable?

• Default Passwords: Many devices still use simple, default usernames and passwords that anyone can find online.
• Outdated Firmware: These devices often don’t get updates, which leaves them open to attack.
• No Built-in Security: Unlike computers, many IoT devices do not come with firewalls or antivirus software, making them vulnerable.

To learn more about these security problems, check out our article on 7 devastating examples of cyberattacks.

Best Practices for IoT Security

1. Change Default Passwords

Always use strong, unique passwords for each device. Default passwords are often public, so changing them is key to staying secure.

2. Network Segmentation

Put IoT devices on a separate network, like a guest network, so that if a hacker gets in, they won’t have access to everything else. Learn more about network segmentation in our DevSecOps guide.

3. Regular Updates

Keep the device software up to date. Manufacturers release updates to fix security problems, so update as soon as you can.

4. Adopt Zero Trust

Zero Trust means treating every device like it might be a threat. Always verify identities, which reduces the chance that hackers can move through your network.

5. Use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Whenever possible, use MFA to add an extra layer of security. Even if hackers get your password, they will need more to access the device.

Real-World Examples of IoT Threats

• Smart Home Devices: In 2023, 34% of vulnerabilities were found in TVs, followed by smart plugs and DVRs. Attackers used these weaknesses to get into home networks and steal personal information.
• Industrial IoT: Factories and utilities rely on IoT, but there have been increased attacks. For example, hackers breached U.S. municipal water systems by taking advantage of weak PLCs (programmable logic controllers).
• Medical IoT (IoMT): Devices like pacemakers are also targeted. Because they often use simple passwords and lack encryption, they are at risk, which can lead to life-threatening situations. Learn more about securing medical devices by visiting our IoT security threats article.

To understand more about these threats, check out our detailed blog post on cybercriminal threats to IoT.